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Ang mga preposition ay ang pandikit ng wikang French, na nag-uugnay sa mga pangngalan, panghalip, at mga parirala upang lumikha ng kahulugan. Inilalarawan man nito kung nasaan ang isang bagay o kung kailan ito nangyayari, ang pagdalubhasa sa mga ito ay napakahalaga. Magsanay gamit ang mga ehersisyo ng PrepMyFrench upang malinang ang iyong intuwisyon!
Ang preposition ay isang salitang ginagamit upang iugnay ang mga pangngalan, panghalip, o parirala sa iba pang mga salita sa loob ng isang pangungusap. Karaniwan nilang ipinapahiwatig ang direksyon, oras, lugar, lokasyon, o mga ugnayang spatial.
Alamin kung paano ilarawan kung nasaan ang mga bagay. Mula sa inside hanggang sa behind, dalubhasain ang spatial logic ng French.
Dalubhasain ang sining ng timing. Unawain ang pagkakaiba ng dans at en para sa mga tagal at deadline.
Maraming French prepositions ang nagbabago base sa kasarian (gender) ng pangngalan. Halimbawa, ang à + le ay nagiging au. Huwag hayaang malito sa mga contraction—pag-aralan ang aming Articles guide para sa karagdagang impormasyon!
Le livre est sur la table.
The book is on the table. (place)
Je vais à Paris demain.
I'm going to Paris tomorrow. (destination)
Elle habite en France depuis 2019.
She's lived in France since 2019. (location + time)
J'attends le bus devant la gare.
I'm waiting for the bus in front of the station. (position)
Il est arrivé avant midi.
He arrived before noon. (time)
Je pars pour deux semaines.
I'm leaving for two weeks. (duration — planned)
Je vais à Paris en train. (correct) / Je vais à Paris dans le train. (wrong)
Je vais à Paris en train.
Use en for transportation: en train, en voiture, en avion, en bus. Never à or dans for transport methods. Exception: à vélo, à pied (muscular propulsion).
J'habite ici depuis 5 ans. (ongoing) / J'ai habité ici pendant 5 ans. (completed)
Both are correct in different contexts.
Depuis = ongoing action (still living here). Pendant = completed duration (no longer living here). This is the most tested preposition distinction at B1 — don't confuse them.
Je vais au docteur. (correct) / Je vais à le docteur. (wrong)
Je vais chez le docteur.
Use chez for people's places: chez le docteur, chez moi, chez Marie. Never à + person. Chez = at the place of. For businesses: au magasin, à la boulangerie.
🧭 The Preposition GPS
French prepositions are like GPS coordinates for your sentence. À and EN handle LOCATION (à Paris, en France). DEPUIS, PENDANT, and POUR handle TIME (ongoing, completed, planned). SUR, SOUS, DEVANT, DERRIÈRE paint the PHYSICAL picture. CHEZ takes you to someone's PLACE. Each preposition is a directional arrow — choose the right one and your sentence navigates perfectly!
Preposition accuracy is a marker of B1+ proficiency in TEF/TCF. A2 tests basic place prepositions (à, en, dans, sur). B1 adds depuis vs pendant, chez, and pour. B2 tests nuanced pairs: à vs de after verbs (commencer à vs décider de), dans vs en for time (dans 5 minutes vs en 5 minutes), and preposition choice with geographical names (en France, au Canada, aux États-Unis).
Giving directions to a visitor:
Excusez-moi, comment je vais à la mairie ?
Allez tout droit jusqu'à la place, puis tournez à gauche devant la Poste.
C'est loin d'ici ? J'y vais à pied.
Non, c'est à cinq minutes. La mairie est entre la boulangerie et le cinéma.
Practice French prepositions of place and time (à, en, dans, sur, depuis, pendant, pour) with 25 interactive questions on PrepMyFrench. Instant scoring.
Practice using French prepositions of place in a real conversation with PrepMyFrench's AI examiner. Get pronunciation feedback scored to TEF/TCF standards.