PrepMyFrench

French Relative Clauses

Grammar_SentenceStructure_Relative.intro_desc

Defining vs. Non-Defining Relative Clauses

Defining (Restrictive)

Grammar_SentenceStructure_Relative.def_desc

Grammar_SentenceStructure_Relative.def_ex

(Tells us which boy it is out of a group)

Non-Defining (Non-restrictive)

Grammar_SentenceStructure_Relative.non_desc

Grammar_SentenceStructure_Relative.non_ex

(We already know it's Malya)

Relative Pronouns

The choice of pronoun depends on its grammatical function in the subordinate clause (what it replaces).

Replacing FunctionPersonThing / Idea
Subjectquiqui
Direct Objectque / qu'que / qu'
Preposition + Indirect Object(prep) + qui(prep) + quoi, lequel...
de + noun (possession/source)dontdont
Time or Place-

Word Order with 'qui'

Grammar_SentenceStructure_Relative.order_qui_desc

Antoine, qui porte des lunettes...

Word Order with others (que, dont)

Grammar_SentenceStructure_Relative.order_others_desc

Les lunettes qu'Antoine porte...

Les lunettes dont Antoine est fier...

The forms of 'lequel'

Grammar_SentenceStructure_Relative.lequel_desc

lequel - laquelle - lesquels - lesquelles
Les amis avec lesquels je joue...
à + lequel = auquel - à laquelle - auxquels - auxquelles
La fille à laquelle Léonie donne un biscuit...
de + lequel = duquel - de laquelle - desquels - desquelles
Le frère duquel je t'ai parlé...

Grammar_SentenceStructure_Relative.lequel_de_note

The Subjunctive in Relative Clauses

The subjunctive mood must be used in a relative clause when it:

Follows a negation:

Il n’y a pas d’amie qui me comprenne...

Follows a superlative or le premier, dernier, seul:

Elle est la seule à qui je puisse parler...

Expresses a wish, purpose, or result:

Je voudrais un vélo qui me permette...

Practice Relative Clauses

Master French relative pronouns and clause structures through targeted practice.

1
qui vs que Basics
2
Dont & Où Mastery
3
The Lequel Matrix
4
Subjunctive Clauses