Last updated: 24 juin 2026
common irregular verbs
The "Big Four": Mastering Être, Avoir, Aller, and Faire
If you only mastered four verbs in French, these should be them. Être (to be), Avoir (to have), Aller (to go), and Faire (to do/make) appear in almost every sentence. They are also crucial because they act as auxiliary verbs for compound tenses like the Passé Composé and Plus-que-parfait.
In this guide, we will break down their irregular conjugations and their unique idiomatic uses in the context of the TEF/TCF exams.
1. Être (To Be): The Verb of Identity
Être is used to describe states of being, professions, nationalities, and characteristics.
Conjugation:
2. Avoir (To Have): Much More Than Ownership
Avoir is used for possession, but it is also used for age and many physical sensations where English uses "to be."
Conjugation:
3. Aller (To Go): Movement and the Future
Aller is essential for physical movement and used to form the Futur Proche (Near Future).
Conjugation:
4. Faire (To Do / To Make): The Swiss Army Knife
Faire is used for activities, weather, and a vast array of idiomatic expressions.
Conjugation:
5. The Auxiliary Power: Preparing for the Passé Composé
You cannot form the past tense without these verbs.
- Avoir is the auxiliary for 95% of verbs: “J'ai mangé.”
- Être is the auxiliary for "DR MRS VANDERTRAMP" verbs and reflexive verbs: “Je suis allé.”
: In the TCF Task 2 or TEF Section A (Narrating an event), you will use these auxiliaries constantly. If your conjugation of or is wrong, your entire past tense sentence is wrong.
6. Pro-Level Pronunciation: The "Liaison" and "S" sound
Pay close attention to the difference between:
- Ils ont (They have): Pronounced with a "Z" sound liaison (eel-zon).
- Ils sont (They are): Pronounced with a "S" sound (eel-son). Confusing these two can change your whole story!
7. Mastery through PrepMyFrench
AI Speaking Simulator:
In the Expression Orale, our AI specifically tracks your usage of these "Big Four." Are you using "Je suis" for age? (Penalty!). Are you using "Je vais" to talk about your plans? (Bonus for naturalness!).
Practice Drills:
In our Writing Practice, try writing a 150-word introduction about yourself. Force yourself to use each of these four verbs at least twice.
Conclusion
Mastering Être, Avoir, Aller, and Faire is like having the four aces in a deck of cards. With these, you can survive almost any conversation. Take the time to drill these conjugations until they are as automatic as breathing.
Next Topic: Ready to say "No"? Learn about Negation (Ne... pas).
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